<?xml version="1.0" encoding="US-ASCII" standalone="no"?>
<!--Generated by ThunderDome XBRL - 06:58PM UTC 2024-02-13--><xsd:schema xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:country="http://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2023" xmlns:currency="http://xbrl.sec.gov/currency/2023" xmlns:dei="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023" xmlns:dtr-types="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/2020-01-21" xmlns:ecd="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2023" xmlns:exch="http://xbrl.sec.gov/exch/2023" xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:naics="http://xbrl.sec.gov/naics/2023" xmlns:sic="http://xbrl.sec.gov/sic/2023" xmlns:srt="http://fasb.org/srt/2023" xmlns:srt-types="http://fasb.org/srt-types/2023" xmlns:stpr="http://xbrl.sec.gov/stpr/2023" xmlns:us-gaap="http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2023" xmlns:us-types="http://fasb.org/us-types/2023" xmlns:vtgn="http://www.vistagen.com/20231231" xmlns:xbrldt="http://xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt" xmlns:xbrli="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" attributeFormDefault="unqualified" elementFormDefault="qualified" targetNamespace="http://www.vistagen.com/20231231">
  <xsd:import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-instance-2003-12-31.xsd"/>
  <xsd:import namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/naics/2023" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/naics/2023/naics-2023.xsd"/>
  <xsd:import namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2023" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2023/country-2023.xsd"/>
  <xsd:import namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/exch/2023" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/exch/2023/exch-2023.xsd"/>
  <xsd:import namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd"/>
  <xsd:import namespace="http://fasb.org/srt/2023" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2023/elts/srt-2023.xsd"/>
  <xsd:import namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/sic/2023" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/sic/2023/sic-2023.xsd"/>
  <xsd:import namespace="http://fasb.org/us-types/2023" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-types-2023.xsd"/>
  <xsd:import namespace="http://xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt-2005.xsd"/>
  <xsd:import namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/stpr/2023" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/stpr/2023/stpr-2023.xsd"/>
  <xsd:import namespace="http://fasb.org/srt-types/2023" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2023/elts/srt-types-2023.xsd"/>
  <xsd:import namespace="http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2023" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd"/>
  <xsd:import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/2020-01-21" schemaLocation="https://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/2020-01-21/types.xsd"/>
  <xsd:import namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/currency/2023" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/currency/2023/currency-2023.xsd"/>
  <xsd:import namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2023" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2023/ecd-2023.xsd"/>
  <xsd:import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negated" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/negated-2009-12-16.xsd"/>
  <xsd:annotation>
    <xsd:appinfo>
      <link:linkbaseRef xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase" xlink:href="vtgn-20231231_lab.xml" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/labelLinkbaseRef" xlink:type="simple"/>
      <link:linkbaseRef xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase" xlink:href="vtgn-20231231_cal.xml" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/calculationLinkbaseRef" xlink:type="simple"/>
      <link:linkbaseRef xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase" xlink:href="vtgn-20231231_def.xml" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/definitionLinkbaseRef" xlink:type="simple"/>
      <link:linkbaseRef xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase" xlink:href="vtgn-20231231_pre.xml" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationLinkbaseRef" xlink:type="simple"/>
      <link:roleType id="statement-document-and-entity-information" roleURI="http://www.vistagen.com/20231231/role/statement-document-and-entity-information">
        <link:definition xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">000 - Document - Document And Entity Information</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="statement-condensed-consolidated-balance-sheets-current-period-unaudited" roleURI="http://www.vistagen.com/20231231/role/statement-condensed-consolidated-balance-sheets-current-period-unaudited">
        <link:definition xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">001 - Statement - Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Current Period Unaudited)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="statement-condensed-consolidated-balance-sheets-current-period-unaudited-parentheticals" roleURI="http://www.vistagen.com/20231231/role/statement-condensed-consolidated-balance-sheets-current-period-unaudited-parentheticals">
        <link:definition xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">002 - Statement - Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Current Period Unaudited) (Parentheticals)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="statement-condensed-consolidated-statements-of-operations-and-comprehensive-loss-unaudited" roleURI="http://www.vistagen.com/20231231/role/statement-condensed-consolidated-statements-of-operations-and-comprehensive-loss-unaudited">
        <link:definition xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">003 - Statement - Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss (Unaudited)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="statement-condensed-consolidated-statements-of-changes-in-stockholders-equity-unaudited" roleURI="http://www.vistagen.com/20231231/role/statement-condensed-consolidated-statements-of-changes-in-stockholders-equity-unaudited">
        <link:definition xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">004 - Statement - Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes In Stockholders' Equity (unaudited)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="statement-condensed-consolidated-statements-of-cash-flows-unaudited" roleURI="http://www.vistagen.com/20231231/role/statement-condensed-consolidated-statements-of-cash-flows-unaudited">
        <link:definition xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">005 - Statement - Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="statement-note-1-description-of-business" roleURI="http://www.vistagen.com/20231231/role/statement-note-1-description-of-business">
        <link:definition xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">006 - Disclosure - Note 1 - Description of Business</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="statement-note-2-basis-of-presentation-principles-of-consolidation-and-summary-of-significant-account-policies" roleURI="http://www.vistagen.com/20231231/role/statement-note-2-basis-of-presentation-principles-of-consolidation-and-summary-of-significant-account-policies">
        <link:definition xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">007 - Disclosure - Note 2 - Basis of Presentation, Principles of Consolidation and Summary of Significant Account Policies</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="statement-note-3-fair-value-measurements" roleURI="http://www.vistagen.com/20231231/role/statement-note-3-fair-value-measurements">
        <link:definition xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">008 - Disclosure - Note 3 - Fair Value Measurements</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="statement-note-4-note-payable-" roleURI="http://www.vistagen.com/20231231/role/statement-note-4-note-payable-">
        <link:definition xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">009 - Disclosure - Note 4 - Note Payable</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="statement-note-5-capital-stock" roleURI="http://www.vistagen.com/20231231/role/statement-note-5-capital-stock">
        <link:definition xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">010 - Disclosure - Note 5 - Capital Stock</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="statement-note-6-stockbased-compensation" roleURI="http://www.vistagen.com/20231231/role/statement-note-6-stockbased-compensation">
        <link:definition xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">011 - Disclosure - Note 6 - Stock-Based Compensation</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="statement-note-7-net-loss-per-common-share" roleURI="http://www.vistagen.com/20231231/role/statement-note-7-net-loss-per-common-share">
        <link:definition xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">012 - Disclosure - Note 7 - Net Loss Per Common Share</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="statement-note-8-sublicensing-and-collaborative-agreements" roleURI="http://www.vistagen.com/20231231/role/statement-note-8-sublicensing-and-collaborative-agreements">
        <link:definition xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">013 - Disclosure - Note 8 - Sublicensing and Collaborative Agreements</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="statement-note-9-related-party-transactions" roleURI="http://www.vistagen.com/20231231/role/statement-note-9-related-party-transactions">
        <link:definition xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">014 - Disclosure - Note 9 - Related Party Transactions</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="statement-note-10-commitments-and-contingencies" roleURI="http://www.vistagen.com/20231231/role/statement-note-10-commitments-and-contingencies">
        <link:definition xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">015 - Disclosure - Note 10 - Commitments and Contingencies</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="statement-significant-accounting-policies-policies" roleURI="http://www.vistagen.com/20231231/role/statement-significant-accounting-policies-policies">
        <link:definition xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">995461 - Disclosure - Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="statement-note-5-capital-stock-tables" roleURI="http://www.vistagen.com/20231231/role/statement-note-5-capital-stock-tables">
        <link:definition xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">995462 - Disclosure - Note 5 - Capital Stock (Tables)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="statement-note-6-stockbased-compensation-tables" roleURI="http://www.vistagen.com/20231231/role/statement-note-6-stockbased-compensation-tables">
        <link:definition xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">995463 - Disclosure - Note 6 - Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="statement-note-7-net-loss-per-common-share-tables" roleURI="http://www.vistagen.com/20231231/role/statement-note-7-net-loss-per-common-share-tables">
        <link:definition xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">995464 - Disclosure - Note 7 - Net Loss Per Common Share (Tables)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="statement-note-8-sublicensing-and-collaborative-agreements-tables" roleURI="http://www.vistagen.com/20231231/role/statement-note-8-sublicensing-and-collaborative-agreements-tables">
        <link:definition xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">995465 - Disclosure - Note 8 - Sublicensing and Collaborative Agreements (Tables)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="statement-note-2-basis-of-presentation-principles-of-consolidation-and-summary-of-significant-account-policies-details-textual" roleURI="http://www.vistagen.com/20231231/role/statement-note-2-basis-of-presentation-principles-of-consolidation-and-summary-of-significant-account-policies-details-textual">
        <link:definition xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">995466 - Disclosure - Note 2 - Basis of Presentation, Principles of Consolidation and Summary of Significant Account Policies (Details Textual)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="statement-note-3-fair-value-measurements-details-textual" roleURI="http://www.vistagen.com/20231231/role/statement-note-3-fair-value-measurements-details-textual">
        <link:definition xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">995467 - Disclosure - Note 3 - Fair Value Measurements (Details Textual)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="statement-note-4-note-payable-details-textual" roleURI="http://www.vistagen.com/20231231/role/statement-note-4-note-payable-details-textual">
        <link:definition xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">995468 - Disclosure - Note 4 - Note Payable (Details Textual)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="statement-note-5-capital-stock-details-textual" roleURI="http://www.vistagen.com/20231231/role/statement-note-5-capital-stock-details-textual">
        <link:definition xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">995469 - Disclosure - Note 5 - Capital Stock (Details Textual)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="statement-note-5-capital-stock-schedule-of-common-stock-warrants-outstanding-details" roleURI="http://www.vistagen.com/20231231/role/statement-note-5-capital-stock-schedule-of-common-stock-warrants-outstanding-details">
        <link:definition xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">995470 - Disclosure - Note 5 - Capital Stock - Schedule of Common Stock Warrants Outstanding (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="statement-note-6-stockbased-compensation-details" roleURI="http://www.vistagen.com/20231231/role/statement-note-6-stockbased-compensation-details">
        <link:definition xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">995471 - Disclosure - Note 6 - Stock-Based Compensation (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="statement-note-7-net-loss-per-common-share-schedule-of-antidilutive-securities-excluded-from-computation-of-earnings-per-share-details" roleURI="http://www.vistagen.com/20231231/role/statement-note-7-net-loss-per-common-share-schedule-of-antidilutive-securities-excluded-from-computation-of-earnings-per-share-details">
        <link:definition xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">995472 - Disclosure - Note 7 - Net Loss Per Common Share - Schedule of Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="statement-note-8-sublicensing-and-collaborative-agreements-details-textual" roleURI="http://www.vistagen.com/20231231/role/statement-note-8-sublicensing-and-collaborative-agreements-details-textual">
        <link:definition xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">995473 - Disclosure - Note 8 - Sublicensing and Collaborative Agreements (Details Textual)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="statement-note-8-sublicensing-and-collaborative-agreements-balances-of-contract-assets-and-liabilities-details" roleURI="http://www.vistagen.com/20231231/role/statement-note-8-sublicensing-and-collaborative-agreements-balances-of-contract-assets-and-liabilities-details">
        <link:definition xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">995474 - Disclosure - Note 8 - Sublicensing and Collaborative Agreements - Balances of Contract Assets and Liabilities (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="statement-note-9-related-party-transactions-details-textual" roleURI="http://www.vistagen.com/20231231/role/statement-note-9-related-party-transactions-details-textual">
        <link:definition xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">995475 - Disclosure - Note 9 - Related Party Transactions (Details Textual)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
    </xsd:appinfo>
  </xsd:annotation>
  <xsd:element abstract="true" id="vtgn_ATMFacilityMember" name="ATMFacilityMember" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
  <xsd:element id="vtgn_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalWarrantModification" name="AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalWarrantModification" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" xbrli:balance="credit" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
  <xsd:element abstract="true" id="vtgn_AdvisoryServicesMember" name="AdvisoryServicesMember" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
  <xsd:element id="vtgn_ClassOfWarrantOrRightWeightedAverageExercisePrice" name="ClassOfWarrantOrRightWeightedAverageExercisePrice" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:perShareItemType" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
  <xsd:element abstract="true" id="vtgn_CollaborativeArrangementAffaMedAgreementMember" name="CollaborativeArrangementAffaMedAgreementMember" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
  <xsd:element abstract="true" id="vtgn_ConsultingAgreementMember" name="ConsultingAgreementMember" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
  <xsd:element id="vtgn_ConsultingFeesInitialPayment" name="ConsultingFeesInitialPayment" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" xbrli:balance="credit" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
  <xsd:element id="vtgn_ConsultingFeesMonthlyPayment" name="ConsultingFeesMonthlyPayment" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" xbrli:balance="credit" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
  <xsd:element abstract="true" id="vtgn_ConsultingFirmMember" name="ConsultingFirmMember" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
  <xsd:element id="vtgn_ContractWithCustomerAssetDeductions" name="ContractWithCustomerAssetDeductions" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" xbrli:balance="credit" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
  <xsd:element id="vtgn_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityAdditions" name="ContractWithCustomerLiabilityAdditions" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" xbrli:balance="credit" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
  <xsd:element id="vtgn_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityDeductions" name="ContractWithCustomerLiabilityDeductions" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" xbrli:balance="debit" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
  <xsd:element abstract="true" id="vtgn_CorporateDevelopmentAndPublicRelationsAdvisoryServicesMember" name="CorporateDevelopmentAndPublicRelationsAdvisoryServicesMember" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
  <xsd:element abstract="true" id="vtgn_DeferredContractAcquisitionCostsMember" name="DeferredContractAcquisitionCostsMember" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
  <xsd:element id="vtgn_DeferredOfferingCostsNoncurrent" name="DeferredOfferingCostsNoncurrent" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" xbrli:balance="debit" xbrli:periodType="instant"/>
  <xsd:element abstract="true" id="vtgn_DeferredRevenueMember" name="DeferredRevenueMember" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
  <xsd:element id="vtgn_DepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationExcludingAmortizationOfOperatingLeaseAssets" name="DepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationExcludingAmortizationOfOperatingLeaseAssets" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" xbrli:balance="debit" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
  <xsd:element abstract="true" id="vtgn_DocumentAndEntityInformation" name="DocumentAndEntityInformation" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:stringItemType" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
  <xsd:element abstract="true" id="vtgn_EquityLineMember" name="EquityLineMember" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
  <xsd:element abstract="true" id="vtgn_FormerChiefFinancialOfficerMember" name="FormerChiefFinancialOfficerMember" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
  <xsd:element abstract="true" id="vtgn_FujiPharmaMember" name="FujiPharmaMember" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
  <xsd:element id="vtgn_InsurancePremiumsSettledIssuingNotePayable" name="InsurancePremiumsSettledIssuingNotePayable" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" xbrli:balance="credit" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
  <xsd:element abstract="true" id="vtgn_JefferiesLLCMember" name="JefferiesLLCMember" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
  <xsd:element abstract="true" id="vtgn_NegotiationAgreementMember" name="NegotiationAgreementMember" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
  <xsd:element abstract="true" id="vtgn_NoteToFinancialStatementDetailsTextual" name="NoteToFinancialStatementDetailsTextual" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:stringItemType" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
  <xsd:element abstract="true" id="vtgn_NotesToFinancialStatements" name="NotesToFinancialStatements" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:stringItemType" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
  <xsd:element abstract="true" id="vtgn_NotesToFinancialStatementsAbstract" name="NotesToFinancialStatementsAbstract" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:stringItemType" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
  <xsd:element id="vtgn_PaymentsToAcquireLaboratoryAndOtherEquipment" name="PaymentsToAcquireLaboratoryAndOtherEquipment" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" xbrli:balance="credit" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
  <xsd:element abstract="true" id="vtgn_PrefundedWarrantsInLieuThereofT1WarrantsMember" name="PrefundedWarrantsInLieuThereofT1WarrantsMember" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
  <xsd:element abstract="true" id="vtgn_PrefundedWarrantsInLieuThereofT2WarrantsMember" name="PrefundedWarrantsInLieuThereofT2WarrantsMember" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
  <xsd:element abstract="true" id="vtgn_PrefundedWarrantsMember" name="PrefundedWarrantsMember" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
  <xsd:element abstract="true" id="vtgn_PrefundedWarrantsT1WarrantsAndT2WarrantsMember" name="PrefundedWarrantsT1WarrantsAndT2WarrantsMember" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
  <xsd:element id="vtgn_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStockAndOptionExercisesNet" name="ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStockAndOptionExercisesNet" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" xbrli:balance="debit" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
  <xsd:element id="vtgn_ProceedsFromSaleOfSecuritiesNetOfExpenses" name="ProceedsFromSaleOfSecuritiesNetOfExpenses" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" xbrli:balance="debit" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
  <xsd:element abstract="true" id="vtgn_PromissoryNoteMember" name="PromissoryNoteMember" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
  <xsd:element abstract="true" id="vtgn_PublicOfferingCommonStockAndWarrantsMember" name="PublicOfferingCommonStockAndWarrantsMember" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
  <xsd:element abstract="true" id="vtgn_PublicOfferingMember" name="PublicOfferingMember" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
  <xsd:element id="vtgn_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerIncludingAssessedTaxDerecognized" name="RevenueFromContractWithCustomerIncludingAssessedTaxDerecognized" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" xbrli:balance="debit" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
  <xsd:element id="vtgn_RevenueRecognitionMilestoneMethodMaximumMilestonePaymentsPermitted" name="RevenueRecognitionMilestoneMethodMaximumMilestonePaymentsPermitted" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" xbrli:balance="credit" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
  <xsd:element abstract="true" id="vtgn_ReverseStockSplitMember" name="ReverseStockSplitMember" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
  <xsd:element id="vtgn_StockAndWarrantsIssuedCombinedOfferingPrice" name="StockAndWarrantsIssuedCombinedOfferingPrice" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:perShareItemType" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
  <xsd:element id="vtgn_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesCashlessStockOptionsExercised" name="StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesCashlessStockOptionsExercised" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:sharesItemType" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
  <xsd:element id="vtgn_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesPublicOffering" name="StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesPublicOffering" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:sharesItemType" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
  <xsd:element id="vtgn_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueCashlessStockOptionsExercised" name="StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueCashlessStockOptionsExercised" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" xbrli:balance="credit" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
  <xsd:element id="vtgn_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValuePublicOffering" name="StockIssuedDuringPeriodValuePublicOffering" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" xbrli:balance="credit" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
  <xsd:element id="vtgn_StockSalesAgreementMaximumAggregateOfferingPrice" name="StockSalesAgreementMaximumAggregateOfferingPrice" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" xbrli:balance="credit" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
  <xsd:element abstract="true" id="vtgn_SublicenseMember" name="SublicenseMember" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
  <xsd:element abstract="true" id="vtgn_T1WarrantsMember" name="T1WarrantsMember" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
  <xsd:element abstract="true" id="vtgn_T2WarrantsMember" name="T2WarrantsMember" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
  <xsd:element abstract="true" id="vtgn_The2019EmployeeStockPurchasePlanMember" name="The2019EmployeeStockPurchasePlanMember" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
  <xsd:element abstract="true" id="vtgn_The2019OmnibusEquityIncentivePlanMember" name="The2019OmnibusEquityIncentivePlanMember" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
  <xsd:element id="vtgn_UpfrontLicensePayment" name="UpfrontLicensePayment" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" xbrli:balance="credit" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
  <xsd:element id="vtgn_WarrantsExercisablePercentageOfCommonSharesOutstandingMinimumBenchmark" name="WarrantsExercisablePercentageOfCommonSharesOutstandingMinimumBenchmark" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:percentItemType" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
  <xsd:element id="vtgn_WarrantsExersiableMaximumPercentOfCommonSharesOutstandingBenchmark" name="WarrantsExersiableMaximumPercentOfCommonSharesOutstandingBenchmark" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:percentItemType" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
  <xsd:element abstract="true" id="vtgn_WarrantsExpiringDecember92024Member" name="WarrantsExpiringDecember92024Member" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
  <xsd:element abstract="true" id="vtgn_WarrantsExpiringJuly252025Member" name="WarrantsExpiringJuly252025Member" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
  <xsd:element abstract="true" id="vtgn_WarrantsWithExercisePriceOf0001Member" name="WarrantsWithExercisePriceOf0001Member" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
  <xsd:element abstract="true" id="vtgn_WarrantsWithExercisePriceOf5380Member" name="WarrantsWithExercisePriceOf5380Member" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
  <xsd:element abstract="true" id="vtgn_WarrantsWithExercisePriceOf8877Member" name="WarrantsWithExercisePriceOf8877Member" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
  <xsd:element abstract="true" id="vtgn_i3StrategyPartnersMember" name="i3StrategyPartnersMember" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
  <xsd:element abstract="true" id="vtgn_statement-statement-note-5-capital-stock-schedule-of-common-stock-warrants-outstanding-details" name="statement-statement-note-5-capital-stock-schedule-of-common-stock-warrants-outstanding-details" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:stringItemType" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
  <xsd:element abstract="true" id="vtgn_statement-statement-note-5-capital-stock-tables" name="statement-statement-note-5-capital-stock-tables" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:stringItemType" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
  <xsd:element abstract="true" id="vtgn_statement-statement-note-6-stockbased-compensation-details" name="statement-statement-note-6-stockbased-compensation-details" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:stringItemType" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
  <xsd:element abstract="true" id="vtgn_statement-statement-note-6-stockbased-compensation-tables" name="statement-statement-note-6-stockbased-compensation-tables" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:stringItemType" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
  <xsd:element abstract="true" id="vtgn_statement-statement-note-7-net-loss-per-common-share-schedule-of-antidilutive-securities-excluded-from-computation-of-earnings-per-share-details" name="statement-statement-note-7-net-loss-per-common-share-schedule-of-antidilutive-securities-excluded-from-computation-of-earnings-per-share-details" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:stringItemType" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
  <xsd:element abstract="true" id="vtgn_statement-statement-note-7-net-loss-per-common-share-tables" name="statement-statement-note-7-net-loss-per-common-share-tables" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:stringItemType" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
  <xsd:element abstract="true" id="vtgn_statement-statement-note-8-sublicensing-and-collaborative-agreements-balances-of-contract-assets-and-liabilities-details" name="statement-statement-note-8-sublicensing-and-collaborative-agreements-balances-of-contract-assets-and-liabilities-details" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:stringItemType" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
  <xsd:element abstract="true" id="vtgn_statement-statement-note-8-sublicensing-and-collaborative-agreements-tables" name="statement-statement-note-8-sublicensing-and-collaborative-agreements-tables" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:stringItemType" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
  <xsd:element abstract="true" id="vtgn_statement-statement-significant-accounting-policies-policies" name="statement-statement-significant-accounting-policies-policies" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:stringItemType" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
</xsd:schema>
